In the distant past, tattoos had the smallest modicum of acceptance, primarily based on the people who wore them. When military men came back to the States after serving overseas, it was difficult to express too much negativity about the names of their sweethearts or “Mom and Dad” emblazoned on their arms. It’s likely that the acceptance was more for the wearer than the tattoo, though, for tattoos had not attained a degree of respectability with the American public in general. As syphilis became more widespread, and with the less-than-sanitary tattooing procedures adding to its increase, New York City eventually banned tattooing, and did not make the practice legal again until 1997.

As disdain for the military began to spread across the United States, so did a new counter-culture. To most Americans during that time-period, the word “tattoo” was synonymous for those who were outside of the mainstream of America, thumbing their noses at society. It brought to mind the fringe-element of undesirables, from the widely-movie “Easy Rider” to the infamous Hell’s Angels. Greasy individuals who rode motorcycles and displayed obnoxious artwork on various parts of their bodies– bikers were only “cool” amongst their own kind, and thought of in a very unfavorable light by most of the American population. In general, tattoos were limited to that range of individuals; and both the bikers and their “sleeves” was something the population at large preferred to do without.

Although in some locales, especially those with Navy bases, tattoos continued to enjoy a moderate degree of acceptance throughout the ‘seventies, they still were not considered a respectable means of personal expression within the mainstream population. The younger generation who lived in these areas, with the usual curiosity of youth, often frequented tattoo parlors and began to make tattoos a part of their lifestyle. As these were usually young adults whose lifestyle included drug use and too much alcohol, their embracing the practice of tattoos did not assist in convincing the older generation that there was anything positive about it. One tattoo artist who practiced in the Navy town of Port Hueneme, California, remarked that the types of individuals whose lifestyle included tattoos were the kind of people who “don’t usually make it to forty years old.”

Also commenting that tattoos are “a fever,” he shed some light on the most negative aspects of this practice. Even though by law artists were not supposed to do such artwork on individuals who were in any state of intoxication, his clients were usually in either of two categories: those who requested tattoos while seriously under-the-influence, and the fainters. His tattoo studio had a large couch for the benefit of the latter. Young drug users and Navy men made up the majority of his customers.

It was not until the early eighties that tattoos began to gain positive exposure. With the Long Island based band “The Stray Cats” appearing on the cover of the music magazine Rolling Stone, not only did this bring the rockabilly music style back into popularity it was also one of the first steps in helping tattoos gain widespread appeal. In stepping away from the coarse music of that particular time-period, the Stray Cats’ scope was that of good clean music and good clean fun; and tattoos were a part of that image. Suddenly everybody wanted to be a part of it all, including the tattoos; and although it was often to the chagrin of the older generation, tattoos began to have less negativity attached to them.

As tattoos ceased to be solely connected to the counter-culture, they started to appear on everybody. In the following years they started showing up on average Americans all across the United States. Tattoo studios sprung up in cities that had colleges and universities, making tattoos an accepted part of life for students. As the people in that age group became older, their tattoos remained, as well as the interest in tattoos developing amongst the newer younger generation. In most parts of the United States they are now commonplace, and considered to be just a basic form of self-expression.

What did President Theodore Roosevelt and Winston Churchill’s mother have in common?  They both had tattoos.  While Jennie Churchill’s tattoo was allegedly covered for the sake of reputation, and Teddy Roosevelt’s was simply in a location which was not readily visible, this information caused a stir amongst many of their day as well as modern-day history buffs. President Roosevelt’s daughter Alice also had a tattoo which was in a concealed location. Neither Mrs. Churchill’s nor President Roosevelt’s artwork, however, lent itself to gaining a sense of respectability amongst the average citizens.  Even when such notable figures possessed tattoos, they were still considered to be socially unacceptable for most people.

Going as far back as any studies have been on the subject, it is claimed that the “Ice Man” who lived some 3300 years B.C., had some form of tattoos.  Upon discovering the remains, researchers have been able to do little but guess that this most primitive form of tattoo was for the purpose of warding off evil spirits, or that it may have been some type of rite-of-passage.  Combined on his spine and behind one knee and on one ankle, the Ice Man had approximately fifty-seven tattoos.  While it is impossible to do more than speculate as to the actual reason for them, it certainly shows that tattoos are not unique to current eras nor to the people in the modern-day world.  As the Ice Man was the oldest mummified human remains found in Europe, today’s tattoo fans have history on their side–  there’s nothing “modern” about tattoos.

In the distant past, tattoos were connected to an entirely different nature than they have been during the last few decades.  There was nothing notorious or rebellious about them.  It used to be that tattoos were reserved for those of high social standing, and were not available to average people.  Tattoos were only available to–  and a sign of–  those who were wealthy, important, and usually in some high position of government or royalty.  Sweden’s King Oscar had tattoos;  so did England’s King George the fifth.  In that era, tattoos were a status symbol.

In other time-periods, tattoos also served specific purposes.  Going the furthest back in American history, many Native American tribes utilized the practice of tattoos;  it was primarily for the purpose of showing one’s connection to one’s specific tribe.  For the Polynesians, tattooing was a method of relating family history;  each individual person had his own individual tattoos to show the story of his family.  Some of the earliest explorers on the American continent have been said to have acquired this practice from the Polynesians’ forms of tattoos.

Two of the oldest Egyptian mummies were discovered to have had tattoos.  These tattoos, which have only been found on female mummies, consist of patterns of lines, dots and dashes.  As the women themselves were connected to ritualistic practices, it is assumed that the tattoos they had in common were in some way representative of that fact.  It is only speculation on the parts of the researchers, of course, based on their knowledge of the lifestyles of that period in time.

Although Oriental symbols are quite popular for tattoos in America, it is not widely known that both the Japanese and Chinese cultures have held a strong opposition to the practice of tattooing throughout history.  With both societal and religious viewpoints agreeing that tattooing is something which should not be done, it is still considered to be a means of contaminating one’s body.  For the ancient Chinese, tattooing was used as a punishment for criminal activity, putting such visible marks on a person to forever brand him as a criminal.

Kieron started this tattoo with a geisha, within a two month period a full sleeve was created…tattooist -bill

If you walk into a tattoo studio, you can easily see that there are virtually no limits to tattoo designs.  Most studios have a plethora of books, posters, and stencil samples;  and, as the work of a tattoo artist is much more than simply putting designs on a person’s skin, most are very skilled and very talented artists in general.  Nearly anything you can visualize, either by description or in a sketch, can be made into a unique creation by those who practice this form of art.  While many customers prefer a tattoo which is either quite simple and basic, such as one’s name or initials, or a design which is totally unique and special to them, there are a number of styles which are widely popular.

Tattoos of Native American designs is one of the most popular.  While most people who do not have direct information about tribal significance may simply select a design which looks good and appeals to them, traditional Native American artwork is by far the most often chosen in this category, as it symbolizes the Native American culture in general.  However, for those who are knowledgeable, designs can be produced which symbolize tribal affiliation.  If this is what a person prefers, it is a good idea to first do a bit of research to learn the difference between the tribes and which ones use which symbols.  For people who have Native American ancestry, this is an excellent way to both learn about and display pride in one’s heritage.  One’s name can also be made into a tribal design if you or your artist has the knowledge to do so.

Oriental designs are also quite popular.  Most tattoo studios have a large variety of these, ranging from intricate artwork to smaller symbols.  Some of those which are chosen most frequently include the Chinese symbols for luck, prosperity, eternity, harmony, and love;  the zodiac signs are also popular.  Although these designs may appear simple, and do have a rather unobtrusive effect, it takes a considerable amount of skill to draw them properly, as the thickness and thinness of the characters is very important.  If you are looking for something which is stylish and tasteful, an Oriental design will have that effect.

For those whose religious beliefs are an important part of their lives, a tattoo of a religious symbol can be a permanently-displayed expression of this.  Religious tattoos range from the most basic small crosses to large artwork depicting Saints and Jesus to nearly everything in-between.  While most religions tend to frown on the subject of tattoos, they are represented in large varieties nonetheless.  You will probably see crucifix tattoos and Star-of-David tattoos, despite the fact that the traditional religious belief is that one should not get tattoos.  For most modern people, even those who take their religious beliefs very seriously, getting such a tattoo is not seen as violating religious standards, but a matter of pride in what they believe.

Celtic designs often appear in tattoos, also.  From the most basic designs which everyone understands, such as shamrocks, to the intricate Celtic cross which fewer recognize the original meaning of, this culture has produced a wide array of beautiful artwork that can be used in tattoos.

Most people have some idea what they like, and each person’s individual preference is no more difficult than finding it or having your artist create it.  Whatever your background, interests, lifestyle, you are sure to find a tattoo design that appeals to you and is special to you.

Considering how widespread the negative reputation is of tattoos and people who have them, one might wonder if there is anything positive about tattoos, and if it is reason enough to get one.  You undoubtedly have heard plenty about the problems, attitudes, risk factors, etc., so perhaps you would also like to consider the opposite point of view in order to help you make the best decision regarding whether or not getting this type of artwork is right for you.

First, let’s examine some of the reasons why getting a tattoo may not be a good idea.  If you’re the type of person who tends to do things impulsively;  or if you’re considering a tattoo based primarily on someone else wanting you to get one or not wanting you to get one;  these factors will very likely result in you regretting your decision at some point in time.  If getting a tattoo is not solely your own decision for your own sake, and a decision which you have put careful thought into making, you will probably end up wanting to get it removed later on.

If none of those situations fit you, and you’re considering getting a tattoo, hearing some things which are good about tattoos may assist in your decision.

Some people simply like art;  if you are one of them, a tattoo may be the type of art you are looking for.  In that there are essentially no limits to what kinds of artwork can be made into tattoos, you’re sure to find something which will suit your tastes.  You can consult a tattoo artist to assist you in making the best choice for the artwork which you will like the most.  Tattoo studios routinely have huge selections of tattoo art on posters and books;  your artist can tell you which forms he is most familiar with and practiced in creating.  If you have a unique design in mind, all it usually takes is a rough sketch or even a description, and most artists will be happy to create a custom-made design for you.  Tattoo artists are almost always very skilled artists in general;  you will be happily surprised at how intricate and professional their work can be.  If you want beautiful, unique art which is both yours alone and permanent, a tattoo is the way to go!

Do you have something to say, something you wish to share with the world?  If so, a tattoo may be the answer you’re looking for!  Whether you opt for wording, or a design which has some type of special meaning to you, a tattoo can be one of the greatest forms of self-expression.  You can choose something that is very clear to everyone who sees it, or, in contrast, can have something which is purely symbolic.  We not longer have to settle for temporary expression on t-shirts, tattoos are permanent;  and they are available to almost everyone everywhere.

A tattoo can also be a permanent memorial.  If there is someone or someplace that you wish to honor, a tattoo can be a wonderful way to do this.  Contrary to occasional opinion, memorializing a person or a place with a tattoo is generally not morbid, and is not usually sad;  instead, it focuses on one’s subject in a positive light.  In addition, a tattoo of memory does not necessarily have to be about a person, it can also be a unique symbol of a place, a time, a situation, that you wish to always keep in your memory.

If you have decided to get a tattoo, and have positive reasons for wishing to do so, all you need to do is visit a nearby tattoo studio and allow your vision to be turned into a reality.

A tattoo artist creates a stencil of the tattoo design before he takes a needle to the skin. The artist draws the stencil with a special ink that transfers to the skin. This provides an outline of the tattoo design, which allows the artist to work quickly and accurately. Although creating a tattoo stencil is not a complex process, it takes quite a bit of practice to get it right.

Materials
Very few materials are needed to make a tattoo stencil by hand. You will need a sheet of tracing paper, a fine-tipped marker, a dip pen and stencil fluid. Stencil fluid is a dye that transfers to the skin, but is not permanent. You can also purchase pens that are already filled with the stencil fluid, which eliminates the need to frequently dip the pen in a vial of dye.

Simplification
The artist will often simplify the design before making the tattoo stencil. This is particularly true if he is working from someone else’s drawing or from a photograph. Simplification means reducing the design to a line drawing that is compatible with tattooing techniques. The artist may eliminate or simplify fine details to avoid a jumbled, “muddy” appearance in the finished tattoo, since tattoo lines are not as fine as pencil lines.

Tracing
The artist then traces the simplified design onto the tracing paper. The simplest method of doing this is to place a sheet of tracing paper over the simplified drawing and trace the lines with a fine tipped marker. The artist typically tapes both the line drawing and the tracing paper to a smooth work surface before tracing to prevent slipping, which can cause inaccuracies.

Reversal
The design must be reversed because the stencil transfers backwards when it is placed on the skin. This is easily accomplished by turning the first sheet of tracing paper over and placing a blank sheet of tracing paper on top. The artist then tapes down both sheets and traces the design with a stencil pen or stencil fluid and a dip pen.

Transfer
The tattoo artist prepares the skin by first cleansing it with green soap (a mild antibacterial cleanser) and a sterile application pad and then by shaving the tattoo area with a fresh disposable razor. He then applies stencil lotion with a sterile pad and places the stencil on the skin with the stencil fluid side facing the skin. The tattoo artist then slowly peels off the tracing paper, leaving the stencil image on the skin.

Many times when we think of tattoos, we think of a very long and painful process.  This is often a very frightening thought.  A lot of people wouldn’t even think of getting a tattoo simply because of their idea of what the process involves.

To understand what getting a tattoo means, we have to first take a quick look at a small part of the human anatomy.  The skin is made up of two layers; the epidermis and the dermis.  The epidermis is the outer layer of skin; the part we can see and touch.  The dermis is the deeper layer, or secondary layer.

When a tattoo is applied, the ink is injected deep into the dermis.  As the epidermis sheds an enormous amount of cells every day, the dermis is a much more appropriate place to inject ink.  Otherwise, shedding occurs causing the tattoo to be only temporary.  When injected into the dermis, the tattoo ink lasts a lifetime.

The method of creating a tattoo has not changed much since the beginning.  It is believed that designs were created in the skin using sharp pieces of bone in the distant past.  Today, needles deliver the ink into the dermis.  These needles can produce up to 30,000 punctures per minute.

Tattoos are made by a process similar to stippling.  A series of dots creates the image of the design.  More dots closer together creates a darker or more solid in appearance picture.  Spread apart, the dots make a lighter image or a shading effect.

The tattoo machine that the artist uses to create the design consists of three main parts.  An ink source that contains the special ink of the chosen colour is typically connected to the machine.  A tube connects the ink source to the machine.  The needle is the part of the machine that pierces the skin administering the ink.

Most tattoo artists use single use or disposable needles.  Sterilization is one of the most important things with tattoo art.  These needles should always be completely sterilized prior to being used on a person.  Needles are then discarded after use.

The tattoo ink comes in a wide array of colours.  Virtually any design with any color combination can be created.  Tattoo artists and parlors have samples on display but can always change aspects of a design to fit an individual’s preference.

With the chosen design and colour choice, the tattoo machine with selected needle type and the decided location on the body, the tattoo is administered by puncturing the skin while the ink is injected.  The time frame that it takes to get a tattoo varies depending on the intricacy and size of the design.

Pain can be a part of the experience.  However, it isn’t often as bad as expected.  Many people with tattoos describe the procedure as annoying more than painful.  Many times the most uncomfortable part is having to sit still in the same position for the given length of time.

After care is an important part of the tattoo process.  Bandaging will be necessary, some bleeding may occur and care will need to be taken to reduce exposure to sunlight and excessive water.  Rubbing and scratching the newly created tattoo can cause scaring.  It can also cause the image to distort permanently.

Pain can vary depending on the individual’s pain tolerance.  Where the tattoo will be applied on the body can also be a variable in the amount of pain.  Overall, the process is fairly quick and painless when compared to the end result.

When deciding on whether or not to get a tattoo, the first thing to think about is how the tattoo will be a permanent mark on the body.  The next thing to consider is what the preferred style might be.  Most tattoo parlors have samples of previous designs that can be altered to suit the customer.  But what many people enjoy is sampling and mimicking what many of those whom we idolize might have already had created.

Today, celebrities influence much of what is done in society.  Clothing styles, hair dos, things to eat, places to hang out and, yes, even tattoos are often influenced by many celebrities.  There are more famous people that have tattoos than what has been originally thought.  Some may be quite surprising.

As many people know, Angelina Jolie is one of the most popular tattooed actresses today.  She flaunts over a dozen tattoos, each with their own meaning. Angelina Jolie is such a fan of tattoos that there are always plans for more in the future.  In fact, she’s made the tribal dragon tattoo the most popular among women.

When it comes to tattoos and famous actresses, it’s certain that Pamela Anderson’s name will be brought up.  The arm band was made popular almost entirely due to Pamela Anderson.  She also put an emphasis on the barbed wire tattoo as it’s one of her most well known marks.

Mike Tyson sports a facial tattoo that is of Maori influence.  While the tattoo didn’t exactly cause a boom in applied facial tattoos, it does prove interesting among tattoo enthusiasts.

Johnny Depp is one highly acknowledge actor for having tattoos.  He’s decorated with over twelve known tattoos all with stories behind them.  Depp’s tattoo on his right bicep is the most well known.  When Johnny Depp and Wynona Ryder were together, he had “Wynona Forever” tattooed on his arm.  When the relationship ended, it was modified to say “Wino Forever.”  A good example of why tattoos should be thought through before taking the leap.

A group tattoo was made for those actors in the Lord of the Rings trilogy.  Each actor received a tattoo of the word “nine” written in Elvish script.  Tattooed on different areas of the body, and a first tattoo for some, each member now has a permanent mark commemorating the making of the movies.

Other movie celebrities where we will find many tattoos to admire or copy include Drew Barrymore, Julia Roberts, Gillian Anderson, Alyssa Milano, and Christina Ricci.  We can also find tattoos in music artists such as Billy Idol, Eminem, Henry Rollins and Brittany Spears.  Kobe Bryant, Dennis Rodman, Anna Kournikova, and Stone Cold Steve Austin make up just a few of the sports models that flaunt their own ink.

This is just a sampling of a few of the tattoos that are likely to be found among celebrities.  These people are acknowledged and admired for their style and personalities.  Many of them have caused booms in the tattoo trends throughout the years with special emphasis on designs that closely resemble their own.  It’s not unusual or unheard of by tattoo artists to receive requests for a tattoo that looks just like one sported by the hip celebrity of the times.